{"id":1713,"date":"2014-07-23T20:51:38","date_gmt":"2014-07-23T19:51:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/?page_id=1713"},"modified":"2021-05-21T10:52:23","modified_gmt":"2021-05-21T10:52:23","slug":"sinclair","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/va\/sinclair\/","title":{"rendered":"Sinclair"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">Ordenadors Sinclair: Els equips assequibles dels 80<br \/>Antonio Estruch Mi\u00f1ana<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A la fi dels anys 70 uns pocs visionaris apostaven perqu\u00e8 en les llars hagueren ordenadors de prop\u00f2sit general, Steve Jobs (fundador d&#8217;Apple) i Bill Gates (fundador de Microsoft) s\u00f3n els m\u00e9s coneguts en part pel fet que les seues empreses encara existeixen, per\u00f2 ac\u00ed anem a parlar de Clive Sinclair, un emprenedor angl\u00e9s que ,amb una gran preocupaci\u00f3 a llan\u00e7ar al mercat productes nous amb un preu redu\u00eft, va aconseguir que els seus ordinadors foren assequibles per a gran part de la poblaci\u00f3 i gr\u00e0cies a aix\u00f2 molta gent va tindre amb ells el seu primer contacte amb el m\u00f3n de la inform\u00e0tica.<\/p>\n<h3>Clive Sinclair: Les seues empreses i els seus microordinadors<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al juliol de 1961 Clive Sinclair va fundar Sinclair Radionics, on es van desenvolupar i van vendre productes electr\u00f2nics amb oncapi\u00e9 en una grand\u00e0ria i preu redu\u00eft comen\u00e7ant per la fabricaci\u00f3 de components d&#8217;\u00e0udio per\u00f2 sense deixar de costat altres possibles negocis relacionats amb l&#8217;electr\u00f2nica. D&#8217;aquesta manera van apar\u00e9ixer productes com la calculadora Sinclair Executive, la primera calculadora de butxaca del m\u00f3n, el rellotge de polsera electr\u00f2nic Black Watch i la mini televisi\u00f3 portatil Macrovision. A la fi dels 70 la companyia travessava per una molt mala situaci\u00f3 financera, perqu\u00e8 alguns productes no van tindre bones vendes ni qualitat suficient, aix\u00ed que la companyia va ser en part nacionalitzada per a no desapar\u00e9ixer, per\u00f2 a canvi Clive Sinclair va perdre el control majoritari.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/museoinf.webs.upv.es\/post\/imagenes\/ZXimages\/zx80zx81.png\" alt=\"\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/museoinf.webs.upv.es\/post\/imagenes\/ZXimages\/48k128k.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al juliol de 1977 Clive Sinclair fonga Science Of Cambridge, una companyia on comencen a desenvolupar-se alguns projectes nous que no s\u00f3n acceptats en Sinclair Radionics. En 1978 es comercialitza un d&#8217;aquests projectes, el Microcomputer Kit 14, un rudimentari microordinador dirigit a aficionats a l&#8217;electr\u00f2nica que va tindre molt bona acceptaci\u00f3 en gran part a causa del seu baix preu. El seg\u00fcent \u00e8xit va arribar en 1980 de la m\u00e0 del ZX80, un xicotet ordinador que a penes comptava amb 1KB de RAM, per\u00f2 que el seu disseny, el seu baix preu, 100 lliures, al costat del seu f\u00e0cil \u00fas i aprenentatge ja que usava el llenguatge BASIC, va permetre acostar al m\u00f3n dels ordinadors a molta gent. Aquests \u00e8xits van portar a Clive Sinclair orientar els seus esfor\u00e7os cap als microordinadors aix\u00ed que abandona definitivament Sinclair Radionics, reorienta els desenvolupaments de Science of Cambridge cap als microordinadors i li canvia el nom a l&#8217;empresa creant Sinclair Research, empresa sota la qual ix a la venda en 1981 el microordinador ZX81, una versi\u00f3 millorada del ZX80, i en 1982 el ZX Spectrum de 48KB l&#8217;equip que va ser el microordinador dom\u00e8stic n\u00ba1 en vendes en europa en els anys 80.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<table style=\"border: 0px;\" border=\"0\" width=\"200\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px; height: 375px;\">\n<div class=\"fluid-width-video-wrapper\" style=\"height: 350px; width: 375px;\">\n<div style=\"width: 480px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-1713-1\" width=\"480\" height=\"270\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/museoinf.webs.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sinclair01.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/museoinf.webs.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sinclair01.mp4\">https:\/\/museoinf.webs.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sinclair01.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: middle; border: 0px; text-align: left;\">\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Caracter\u00edsticas del ZX Spectrum, por <a href=\"https:\/\/www.internautas.tv\/videos\/mp4\/20080919_1.mp4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Internautas.tv<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/museoinf.webs.upv.es\/post\/imagenes\/ZXimages\/ql.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"zx80emu\" title=\"zx80emu\" src=\"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/post\/otros\/ZX80emu\/pruebazx81.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/museoinf.webs.upv.es\/post\/imagenes\/ZXimages\/inveszx.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<table style=\"border: 0px;\" border=\"0\" width=\"200\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px; height: 375px;\">\n<div style=\"width: 640px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-1713-2\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/museoinf.webs.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/sinclair02.mp4?_=2\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/museoinf.webs.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/sinclair02.mp4\">https:\/\/museoinf.webs.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/sinclair02.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: middle; border: 0px; text-align: left;\">\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Anuncio RUN: La enciclopedia pr\u00e1ctica del Spectrum<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<table style=\"border: 0px;\" border=\"0\" width=\"200\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px; height: 375px;\">\n<div style=\"width: 480px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-1713-3\" width=\"480\" height=\"272\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/museoinf.webs.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sinclair03.mp4?_=3\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/museoinf.webs.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sinclair03.mp4\">https:\/\/museoinf.webs.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sinclair03.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: middle; border: 0px; text-align: left;\">\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Edad de Oro del Software Espa\u00f1ol, inicios, empresas, juegos. Por <a href=\"https:\/\/www.internautas.tv\/videos\/mp4\/20111017_1.mp4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Internautas.tv<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<table style=\"border: 0px;\" border=\"0\" width=\"200\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px; height: 375px;\">\n<div style=\"width: 640px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-1713-4\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/museoinf.webs.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sinclair04.mp4?_=4\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/museoinf.webs.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sinclair04.mp4\">https:\/\/museoinf.webs.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sinclair04.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: middle; border: 0px; text-align: right;\">\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Victor Ruiz, cofundador de Dinamic, habla de sus inicios e introduce el tema del desarrollo actual de videojuegos, resumen de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rtve.es\/alacarta\/videos\/los-oficios-de-la-cultura\/oficios-cultura-diseno-videojuegos-victor-ruiz\/1069665\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Los Oficios de la Cultura &#8211; Dise\u00f1o de videojuegos<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ordenadors Sinclair: Els equips assequibles dels 80Antonio Estruch Mi\u00f1ana A la fi dels anys 70 uns pocs visionaris apostaven perqu\u00e8 en les llars hagueren ordenadors de prop\u00f2sit general, Steve Jobs (fundador d&#8217;Apple) i Bill Gates (fundador de Microsoft) s\u00f3n els m\u00e9s coneguts en part pel fet que les seues empreses encara existeixen, per\u00f2 ac\u00ed anem [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1713","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","post"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sinclair - Web del Museo de Inform\u00e1tica 2.0<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/en\/sinclair\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sinclair - Web del Museo de Inform\u00e1tica 2.0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ordenadors Sinclair: Els equips assequibles dels 80Antonio Estruch Mi\u00f1ana A la fi dels anys 70 uns pocs visionaris apostaven perqu\u00e8 en les llars hagueren ordenadors de prop\u00f2sit general, Steve Jobs (fundador d&#8217;Apple) i Bill Gates (fundador de Microsoft) s\u00f3n els m\u00e9s coneguts en part pel fet que les seues empreses encara existeixen, per\u00f2 ac\u00ed anem [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/en\/sinclair\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Web del Museo de Inform\u00e1tica 2.0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-05-21T10:52:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/museoinf.webs.upv.es\/post\/imagenes\/ZXimages\/zx80zx81.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"18 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/museo.inf.upv.es\\\/en\\\/sinclair\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/museo.inf.upv.es\\\/en\\\/sinclair\\\/\",\"name\":\"Sinclair - Web del Museo de Inform\u00e1tica 2.0\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/museo.inf.upv.es\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/museo.inf.upv.es\\\/en\\\/sinclair\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/museo.inf.upv.es\\\/en\\\/sinclair\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/museoinf.webs.upv.es\\\/post\\\/imagenes\\\/ZXimages\\\/zx80zx81.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-07-23T19:51:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-05-21T10:52:23+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/museo.inf.upv.es\\\/en\\\/sinclair\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"va-VA\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/museo.inf.upv.es\\\/en\\\/sinclair\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"va-VA\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/museo.inf.upv.es\\\/en\\\/sinclair\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/museoinf.webs.upv.es\\\/post\\\/imagenes\\\/ZXimages\\\/zx80zx81.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/museoinf.webs.upv.es\\\/post\\\/imagenes\\\/ZXimages\\\/zx80zx81.png\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/museo.inf.upv.es\\\/en\\\/sinclair\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/museo.inf.upv.es\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Sinclair\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/museo.inf.upv.es\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/museo.inf.upv.es\\\/\",\"name\":\"Web del Museo de Inform\u00e1tica 2.0\",\"description\":\"Web del Museo de Inform\u00e1tica 2.0\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/museo.inf.upv.es\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"va-VA\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Sinclair - Web del Museo de Inform\u00e1tica 2.0","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/en\/sinclair\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Sinclair - Web del Museo de Inform\u00e1tica 2.0","og_description":"Ordenadors Sinclair: Els equips assequibles dels 80Antonio Estruch Mi\u00f1ana A la fi dels anys 70 uns pocs visionaris apostaven perqu\u00e8 en les llars hagueren ordenadors de prop\u00f2sit general, Steve Jobs (fundador d&#8217;Apple) i Bill Gates (fundador de Microsoft) s\u00f3n els m\u00e9s coneguts en part pel fet que les seues empreses encara existeixen, per\u00f2 ac\u00ed anem [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/en\/sinclair\/","og_site_name":"Web del Museo de Inform\u00e1tica 2.0","article_modified_time":"2021-05-21T10:52:23+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/museoinf.webs.upv.es\/post\/imagenes\/ZXimages\/zx80zx81.png","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"18 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/en\/sinclair\/","url":"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/en\/sinclair\/","name":"Sinclair - Web del Museo de Inform\u00e1tica 2.0","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/en\/sinclair\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/en\/sinclair\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/museoinf.webs.upv.es\/post\/imagenes\/ZXimages\/zx80zx81.png","datePublished":"2014-07-23T19:51:38+00:00","dateModified":"2021-05-21T10:52:23+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/en\/sinclair\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"va-VA","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/en\/sinclair\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"va-VA","@id":"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/en\/sinclair\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/museoinf.webs.upv.es\/post\/imagenes\/ZXimages\/zx80zx81.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/museoinf.webs.upv.es\/post\/imagenes\/ZXimages\/zx80zx81.png"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/en\/sinclair\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Sinclair"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/#website","url":"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/","name":"Web del Museo de Inform\u00e1tica 2.0","description":"Web del Museo de Inform\u00e1tica 2.0","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"va-VA"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/va\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1713","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/va\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/va\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/va\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/va\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1713"}],"version-history":[{"count":60,"href":"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/va\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1713\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6466,"href":"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/va\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1713\/revisions\/6466"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/va\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1713"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}