{"id":7788,"date":"2016-09-11T20:40:09","date_gmt":"2016-09-11T20:40:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/?page_id=5981"},"modified":"2021-11-30T16:20:01","modified_gmt":"2021-11-30T16:20:01","slug":"aritmometroscratch","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/va\/aritmometroscratch\/","title":{"rendered":"Disseny i implementaci\u00f3 d\u2019un Aritm\u00f3metre amb Scratch"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"row-wrapper-x\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Disseny i implementaci\u00f3 d\u2019un Aritm\u00f3metre amb Scratch<\/strong><\/h1>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center; color: #404040;\"><strong>Salvador Piris L\u00f3pez<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u2019aritm\u00f2metre de Thomas de Colmar (1784-1870) t\u00e9 un lloc establert fermament en la hist\u00f2ria de la computaci\u00f3. Nombrosos historiadors que examinen el c\u00e0lcul del segle XIX afirmen la import\u00e0ncia del dispositiu de Thomas.<\/p>\n<table style=\"border: 0px;\" border=\"0\" width=\"200\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px; max-width: 800px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/museoinf.webs.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/ThomasDeColmar.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[1149]\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/museoinf.webs.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/ThomasDeColmar.jpg\" alt=\"Thomas de Colmar\" longdesc=\"Thomas de Colmar\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: middle; border: 0px;\">\n<blockquote><p>Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar, inventor i creador de l\u2019aritm\u00f2metre.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tanmateix, l\u2019aritm\u00f2metre no va ser la primera m\u00e0quina que realitzava les quatre operacions aritm\u00e8tiques b\u00e0siques de suma, resta, multiplicaci\u00f3 i divisi\u00f3. M\u00e0quines anteriors, com les de Hahn i M\u00fcller havien aconseguit aquest nivell de funcionalitat en el segle XVIII. Per\u00f2 les virtuts impl\u00edcites de l\u2019aritm\u00f2metre s\u00f3n evidents: la m\u00e0quina era s\u00f2lida, fiable i exitosa, un producte industrial fabricat en quantitat.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">No obstant aix\u00f2, des de la invenci\u00f3 de la m\u00e0quina a l\u2019any 1820 i el seu establiment com un instrument de c\u00e0lcul van transc\u00f3rrer quasi 50 anys. Com a conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia de les imperfeccions aparegudes en els primers models i de la inexist\u00e8ncia del mercat, els seus inicis van ser lents. Des de 1821 fins 1865, \u00e9s a dir, durant m\u00e9s de 40 anys, sols es van vendre 500 m\u00e0quines. En canvi, de 1865 a 1878, la venda va aconseguir m\u00e9s de mil m\u00e0quines, de les quals aproximadament el 30% eren m\u00e0quines de 6 xifres; el 60% m\u00e0quines de 8 xifres i el 10% m\u00e0quines de 10 xifres.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Una part important d\u2019aquesta producci\u00f3 (al voltant d\u2019un 60%) anava destinada a l\u2019estranger, on per altra banda, nombroses c\u00f2pies es fabricaven a Alemanya i Anglaterra.<\/p>\n<table style=\"border: 0px;\" border=\"0\" width=\"200\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px; max-width: 800px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/museoinf.webs.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Aritmometro.png\" rel=\"lightbox[1149]\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/museoinf.webs.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Aritmometro.png\" alt=\"Aritm\u00f3metro\" longdesc=\"Aritm\u00f3metro\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: middle; border: 0px;\">\n<blockquote><p>Gran part dels exemplars que existiren de l\u2019aritm\u00f2metre sobreviuen en moltes col\u2022leccions p\u00fabliques y privades.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pel que fa a la implementaci\u00f3 d\u2019aquest programa s\u2019ha decidit la utilitzaci\u00f3 de Scratch, ja que \u00e9s una plataforma molt desenvolupada, t\u00e9 un gran component social que la caracteritza i fomenta el treball col\u2022laboratiu mitjan\u00e7ant l\u2019opci\u00f3 de compartir codi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A continuaci\u00f3 es presenta l\u2019aplicaci\u00f3 de l\u2019aritm\u00f2metre implementat en Scratch aix\u00ed com un videotutorial en el qual s\u2019explica com es realitzen les diverses operacions aritm\u00e8tiques que aquesta calculadora ofereix.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/90OzuwaKgN4?rel=0&amp;controls=0&amp;showinfo=0\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Videotutorial de l\u2019aplicaci\u00f3 de l\u2019Aritm\u00f2metre implementat en Scratch<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/scratch.mit.edu\/projects\/embed\/121899796\/?autostart=false\" width=\"485\" height=\"402\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Si es desitja consultar el codi de l\u2019aplicaci\u00f3 anteriorment mostrada a la web de Scratch, fer clic ac\u00ed: <a href=\"https:\/\/scratch.mit.edu\/projects\/121899796\/\">ARITM\u00d2METRE<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Creador de l&#8217;Aritm\u00f2metro: Salvador Piris L\u00f3pez<br \/>\nTutor: Xavier Molero Prieto<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Disseny i implementaci\u00f3 d\u2019un Aritm\u00f3metre amb Scratch Salvador Piris L\u00f3pez L\u2019aritm\u00f2metre de Thomas de Colmar (1784-1870) t\u00e9 un lloc establert fermament en la hist\u00f2ria de la computaci\u00f3. Nombrosos historiadors que examinen el c\u00e0lcul del segle XIX afirmen la import\u00e0ncia del dispositiu de Thomas. Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar, inventor i creador de l\u2019aritm\u00f2metre. Tanmateix, l\u2019aritm\u00f2metre [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7788","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","post"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Disseny i implementaci\u00f3 d\u2019un Aritm\u00f3metre amb Scratch - Web del Museo de Inform\u00e1tica 2.0<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/aritmometroscratch\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Disseny i implementaci\u00f3 d\u2019un Aritm\u00f3metre amb Scratch - Web del Museo de Inform\u00e1tica 2.0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Disseny i implementaci\u00f3 d\u2019un Aritm\u00f3metre amb Scratch Salvador Piris L\u00f3pez L\u2019aritm\u00f2metre de Thomas de Colmar (1784-1870) t\u00e9 un lloc establert fermament en la hist\u00f2ria de la computaci\u00f3. 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