{"id":8811,"date":"2021-07-09T17:38:37","date_gmt":"2021-07-09T17:38:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/?page_id=8811"},"modified":"2021-07-12T16:48:12","modified_gmt":"2021-07-12T16:48:12","slug":"c-y-c","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/va\/c-y-c\/","title":{"rendered":"C i C++"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<h2>Els Llenguatges de Programaci\u00f3 <strong>C<\/strong> i <strong>C++<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8817 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/41I2S2S3IvL._SX349_BO1204203200_-211x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"211\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/41I2S2S3IvL._SX349_BO1204203200_-211x300.jpg 211w, https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/41I2S2S3IvL._SX349_BO1204203200_.jpg 351w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 211px) 100vw, 211px\" \/>L\u2019any <strong>1969<\/strong>, <strong>Ken Thomson<\/strong> i D<strong>ennis Ritchie<\/strong> desenvolupen als laboratoris Bell el llenguatge B, un llenguatge imperatiu, procedimental, no tipat, pensat per a implementar aplicacions no num\u00e8riques, recursives i independents de la m\u00e0quina on s\u2019executaren.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A partir de l\u2019aparici\u00f3 d\u2019arquitectures m\u00e9s modernes (a partir de <strong>PDP-11<\/strong> de <strong>Digital<\/strong> el <strong>1970<\/strong>), l\u2019abs\u00e8ncia de tipus es comen\u00e7a a veure com un problema i Denis Ritchie comen\u00e7a a fer canvis en el llenguatge per a introduir, inicialment, els tipus de dades el <strong>1971<\/strong>. Aquestes modificacions continuen els anys seg\u00fcents i esdev\u00e9 un llenguatge <em>nou <strong>B<\/strong><\/em>, que posteriorment es converteix en <strong>C,<\/strong> que permet reescriure el nucli d\u2019<strong>UNIX<\/strong> per a <strong>PDP-11<\/strong> (originalment desenvolupada en assemblador com tots els sistemes operatius fins en aquell moment). A partir d\u2019<strong>UNIX<\/strong> versi\u00f3 2 s\u2019inclogueren en la distribuci\u00f3 tant el compilador de <strong>C<\/strong> com algunes utilitats i a partir dels anys 70 i 80 del s. XX en una \u00e0mplia varietat de minicomputadors, ordinadors centrals i microcomputadors, com ara l<strong>\u2019IBM PC.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A banda del seu \u00fas en la implementaci\u00f3 de sistemes operatius, la programaci\u00f3 de sistemes, la seua efici\u00e8ncia fa que, habitualment, compiladors per a altres llenguatges de programaci\u00f3 es programen en <strong>C<\/strong> (com ara <strong>Python<\/strong>, <strong>Perl<\/strong> o <strong>PHP<\/strong>). Tamb\u00e9 est\u00e0 present totalment o parcialment en aplicacions de c\u00e0lcul intensiu, com s\u00f3n <strong>Matlab<\/strong> o <strong>Matem\u00e0tica<\/strong>. D\u2019altra banda, la seua disponibilitat fa que siga considerat com a llenguatge per a portabilitat.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-8820 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/9780321563842-es-239x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"262\" height=\"330\" srcset=\"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/9780321563842-es-239x300.jpg 239w, https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/9780321563842-es.jpg 398w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 262px) 100vw, 262px\" \/>Buscant mantenir l\u2019efici\u00e8ncia i flexibilitat de <strong>C<\/strong>, <strong>Bjarne Stroustrup<\/strong> est\u00e9n<strong> C<\/strong> el <strong>1979<\/strong> i busca incloure caracter\u00edstiques de programaci\u00f3 d\u2019altres llenguatges (Simula) i que permeta la programaci\u00f3 orientada a objectes. Estandarditzat per primera vegada el <strong>1998<\/strong>, <strong>C++<\/strong> est\u00e0 tan \u00e0mpliament est\u00e8s com <strong>C<\/strong>, i s\u2019utilitza des de la ind\u00fastria del videojoc fins al desenvolupament d\u2019aplicacions de rendiment cr\u00edtic (com per exemple l\u2019encaminament telef\u00f2nic o programari de control de naus espacials).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Deixant a banda les seues extensions m\u00e9s conegudes, <strong>C++<\/strong> i <strong>Objective-C<\/strong>, la influ\u00e8ncia de <strong>C<\/strong> \u00e9s molt palesa en altres llenguatges, com ara <strong>AWK<\/strong>, <strong>PHP<\/strong>, <strong>Java<\/strong>, <strong>JavaScript<\/strong>, <strong>D<\/strong> o <strong>C#<\/strong>, que de manera premeditada usen la seua &#8220;<em>aparen\u00e7a&#8221;<\/em>. Hui dia (2021), <strong>C<\/strong> i <strong>C++<\/strong> ocupen, respectivament, la 1a i 4a posicions i, en el r\u00e0nquing TIOBE de popularitat de llenguatges de programaci\u00f3, C \u00e9s el llenguatge m\u00e9s utilitzat per a la programaci\u00f3 de programes i es considera com la llengua vehicular (<em>lingua franca<\/em>) de la comunitat de codi obert (<em>open source<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p><\/p>\n<div style=\"border-image: initial; border: 3px solid; border-color: #d1005d; padding: 10px;\">\n<h3 align=\"center\">C<\/h3>\n<hr><b>Naixement: 1972<br>Versions: Kernighan &amp; Ritchie (1978); ANSI C (1989); ISO C90 (1990); C99 (2000)<br>Influ\u00e8ncies de: B<br>Influeix en: C++ (1979); Objective C; C#; Java; Python; Perl; ADA 95; Csh;<\/b><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<div style=\"border-image: initial; border: 3px solid; border-color: #d1005d; padding: 10px;\">\n<h3 align=\"center\">C++<\/h3>\n<hr \/><br \/><b>Naixement: 1985<br \/>Versions: ISO C++ (2003); C++0x (2011); C++14 (aka C++1y, 2014)<br \/>Influ\u00e8ncies de: C; Ada; Algol 68; Modula-2; Simula; Smalltalk<br \/>Influeix en:Ada 95; C#; Java; Perl; Python;<\/b><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Els Llenguatges de Programaci\u00f3 C i C++ L\u2019any 1969, Ken Thomson i Dennis Ritchie desenvolupen als laboratoris Bell el llenguatge B, un llenguatge imperatiu, procedimental, no tipat, pensat per a implementar aplicacions no num\u00e8riques, recursives i independents de la m\u00e0quina on s\u2019executaren. A partir de l\u2019aparici\u00f3 d\u2019arquitectures m\u00e9s modernes (a partir de PDP-11 de Digital [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8811","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","post"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>C i C++ - Web del Museo de Inform\u00e1tica 2.0<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/museo.inf.upv.es\/c-y-c\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"C i C++ - Web del Museo de Inform\u00e1tica 2.0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Els Llenguatges de Programaci\u00f3 C i C++ L\u2019any 1969, Ken Thomson i Dennis Ritchie desenvolupen als laboratoris Bell el llenguatge B, un llenguatge imperatiu, procedimental, no tipat, pensat per a implementar aplicacions no num\u00e8riques, recursives i independents de la m\u00e0quina on s\u2019executaren. 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